Biography
Hoffmann's research focuses on improving the role of regulation and tort law in managing health and environmental risks. Her research focuses on the role of economics in regulatory risk analysis, including the valuation of health benefits, regulatory design, and developing decision analysis models for regulatory decision-making. She works on a number of policy issues including food safety, valuation of children's benefits from environmental policy, modeling the social costs of pesticide use, and the health benefits of environmental policy in China.
Hoffmann is co-editor of Toward Safer Food: Perspectives on Risk and Priority Setting, a joint effort aimed at developing a practical approach to promoting a more risk-based approach to regulatory decision making in the U.S. food safety system. She is part of a team of researchers working to develop comparative risk ranking models of the U.S. food system.
Ph.D. in Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 1998. M.A. in Agricultural Economics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1991. J.D., University of Michigan Law School, 1986. B.S., Iowa State University, 1980.
Professional Experience
Fellow, Resources for the Future, July 2000 - present.
Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin at Madison, La Follette Institute of Public Affairs and Department of Urban and Regional Planning, January 1999 - July 2000.
Attorney, McKenna, Conner and Cuneo, 1986 - 1989.
Peace Corps/Chilean Public Health Service, 1980 - 1982.
Professional Licenses: District of Columbia Bar, Wisconsin State Bar
Journal Articles
Elicitation from Large, Heterogeneous Expert Panels: Using Multiple Uncertainty Measures to Characterize Information Quality for Decision Analysis. Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick, and Michael McWilliams Decision Analysis | June 2007 | Vol. 4, No. 2 | pp. 91-109 | Related Discussion Paper 06-17
Since Children Are Not Little Adults Socially ... What's an Environmental Economist to Do? Sandra Hoffmann Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum | forthcoming | Related Discussion Paper 05-27
Taxing Nutrient Loads Sandra Hoffmann, James Boyd and Eleanor McCormick
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation | September / October 2006 | Vol. 61 | pp. 142A - 147A
Informing Risk-Mitigation Priorities Using Uncertainty Measures Derived from Heterogeneous Expert Panels: A Demonstration Using Foodborne Pathogens
Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick, and Michael McWilliams Reliability Engineering and Safety Systems | forthcoming
Reading the Fine Print in Agricultural Contracts: Boilerplate Clauses, Risks and Returns Rachael Goodhue and Sandra Hoffmann American Journal of Agricultural Economics | Vol. 88, No. 5 | pp. 1234-1237
Using Expert Elicitation to Link Foodborne Illness in the U.S. to Food Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick, Mike McWilliams Journal of Food Protection | May 2007 | Vol. 70, No. 5. | pp. 1220-1229
Bilateral Accidents with Intrinsically Interdependent Costs of Precaution Dhammika Dharmapala and Sandra Hoffmann Journal of Legal Studies | January 2005 | Vol. 34, No. 1 | pp. 239-272
Poverty and Employment in Forest-dependent Countries Peter Berck, Chris Costello, Louise Fortmann, and Sandra Hoffmann Forest Science | October 2003 | Vol. 49, No. 5 | pp. 1-14
Assessing the Employment Impacts of Environmental Policy Peter Berck and Sandra Hoffmann Environmental and Resource Economics | June 2002 | Vol. 22, No. 1-2 | pp. 133-156
Redesigning Food Safety Michael Taylor and Sandra Hoffmann Issues in Science and Technology | 2001 | Vol. 17, No. 4 | pp. 26-30
Defense Cuts and the California Recession: Computable General Equilibrium Models and Interstate Factor Mobility Sandra A. Hoffmann, Sherman Robinson, and Shankar Subramanian Journal of Regional Science | 1996 | Vol. 36, No. 4 | pp. 571-595
Books, Chapters, and Reports
The Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions in Shanghai and Chongqing, China
Alan Krupnick, Sandra Hoffmann, Bjorn Larsen, Xizhe Peng, Ran Tao, Chen Yan The World Bank | March 20, 2006
Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children's Environmental Health Risks Sandra Hoffmann, Alan Krupnick and Vic Adamowicz In Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children | Pascale Scapecchi, ed. | Paris, France: OECD Press | 2006
Getting to Risk-Based Food Safety Regulatory Management: Lessons from Federal Environmental Policy Sandra A. Hoffmann In Toward Safer Food: Perspectives on Risk and Priority Setting | Sandra A. Hoffmann and Michael R. Taylor, eds. | RFF Press | 2005 | pp. 3-22
Assessment of Colombia's National Environmental System (SINA)
Allen Blackman, Sandra Hoffmann, Richard Morgenstern, and Elizabeth Topping World Bank | May 2004 | Related RFF Report
Multilateral Trade Agreements and Market-Based Environmental Policies Carolyn Fischer, Sandra Hoffmann, and Yutaka Yoshino In Critical Issues in International Environmental Taxation: International and Comparative Perspectives, Volume 1 | Janet Milne, Kurt Deketelaere, Larry Kreiser, and Hope Ashiabor, eds. | Richmond, UK: Richmond Law and Tax Ltd. | 2003
Preservation and Employment Peter Berck and Sandra Hoffmann In Forest and Nature Resource Management: Recent Accomplishments and Current Trends | Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers | 2003
Poverty in Sierra Nevada Forest Counties: A Time Series Analysis with Special Reference to AFDC Caseloads
Hoffmann, Sandra and Louise Fortmann U.S. Congress | 1997 In Don C. Erman (ed.), Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project: Final Report to Congress, Vol. II. Status of the Sierra Nevada: Assessments. U.S. Geological Survey. Digital Data Series DDS-43.
Defense Spending Reductions and the California Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium Model
Sherman Robinson, Sandra A. Hoffman and Shankar Subramanian | California Energy Commission 1995
Pesticide Regulation Handbook
McKenna and Cuneo, LLP (Sandra A. Hoffman, coauthor) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill | 1993
TSCA Handbook
McKenna, Conner and Cuneo (Sandra A. Hoffman, coauthor) Rockville, MD: Government Institutes Inc. | 1987
Short Articles, Issue Briefs, and Other Publications
Parental Decision-Making and Children's Health Ann Bostrom, Sandra Hoffmann, Alan Krupnick and Wictor Adamowicz
With Robin Goldman and Michael McWilliams
US EPA NCER/NCEE Proceeding Workshop, Morbidity and Mortality: How Do We Value the Risk of Illness and Death? http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf
Performance Standards for Food Safety Sandra Hoffman New Approaches on Energy and the Environment: Policy Advice for the President Richard D. Morgenstern and Paul R. Portney, editors. Resources for the Future Press. Washington, DC. 2004
Environmental Fees: Can Price Incentives Help Solve the Chesapeake's Nutrient Pollution Problems? Sandra Hoffmann and James Boyd NOAA Handbook on Cheseapeake Bay water quality management | forthcoming
Headlines Don't Tell the Real Story about Food Safety Sandra Hoffmann Resources | Spring 2005 (157)
Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions in Shanghai and Chongqing, China Sandra Hoffmann Western Regional Research Project (W-1133) 2007 Annual Meeting | USDA Western Regional Research Project | Richmond, VA | March 30, 2007 by Alan Krupnick at World Bank, Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency, Norweigian Embassy Summit on estimating the social burden of environmental pollution in China (check with Alan on correct citation and date) Beijing, China
Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions in Shanghai and Chongqing, China Alan Krupnick (with Sandy Hoffmann) World Bank, SEPA Conference on Green China | World Bank and SEPA | Beijing | March 1, 2007
Parental Mental Models of Lead Paint Hazards: Toward Improved Communications about Environmental Health Risk to Children Ann Bostrom, Sandra Hoffmann, Alan Krupnick, and Wictor Adamowicz Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Baltimore, MD | December 6, 2006
Parental Decision-Making about Children's Health: Using Mental Models Research to Inform Contingent Valuation Survey Sandra Hoffmann, Ann Bostrom, Alan Krupnick and Wictor Adamowicz Poster Session | Baltimore, MD | December 4, 2006
Eliciting Information on Uncertainty from Heterogenous Expert Panels: Attributing U.S. Foodborne Pathogen Illness to Food Consumption Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick and Mike McWilliams Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Baltimore, MD | December 4, 2006
The Missing Link in Food Safety Risk Assessment and Economics: Using Formal Elicitation of Expert Judgment to Attribute US Foodborne Illness to Food Consumption Sandra Hoffmann Venture Trust International Travel Fellow Annual Lecture | Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand and New Zealand Institute of Economic Research, Wellington, New Zealand | November 1, 2006 Also presented on November 8, 2006
Using Expert Elicitation to Attribute U.S. Foodborne Illness to Food Consumption Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick and Mike McWilliams Seminar | Centers for Disease Control, Division of Bacterial and Myotic Diseases | August 8, 2006 Also Seminar at USDA, Food Safety Inspection Service, Office of Public Health Science on September 27, 2006 | Also presented to the Science Office, New Zealand Food Safety Authority, Wellington, New Zealand
Pathogen/Food Attribution of Foodborne Illness in the U.S.: Results of a New Expert Ellicitation Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick and Mike McWilliams National Conference Call Meeting | The Attribution Working Group, FoodNet | August 3, 2006
Reading the Fine Print in Agricultural Contracts: Conventional Contract Clauses, Risks and Returns Rachael Goodhue and Sandra Hoffmann Principal Paper Session | American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting | Long Beach, CA | July 24, 2006
Food Attribution in the U.S.: An Expert Elicitation Sandra Hoffmann, Alan Krupnick, Paul Fischbeck, Mike McWilliams and Michael Batz Priority Setting of Foodborne and Zoonotic Pathogens | The European Union Med-Vet-Net and the Food Safety Research Consortium (U.S.) | Berlin, Germany | July 19, 2006 A Poster Presentation
Methodological Issues in Using Expert Elicitation to Attribute Foodborne Illness to Food Consumption Sandra Hoffmann, Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick, and Mike McWilliams National Conference Call Meeting | Attribution Working Group, FoodNet | July 6, 2006
Parental Decision-Making and Children's Health Sandra Hoffmann and Alan Krupnick U.S. EPA NCER/NCEE Workshop Morbidity and Mortality: How Do We Value the Risk of Illness and Death? | Washington, DC | April 10, 2006
Mortality Risk Valuation in Shanghai and Chongqing Sandra Hoffman and Alan Krupnick Environment and Development Seminar | World Bank | Washington, DC | December 16, 2005
Using Expert Elicitation to Attribute Foodborne Illness to Specific Foods Sandra Hoffmann Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Orlando, FL | December 5, 2005
Designing System-wide Food Safety Risk Management: Lessons from Federal Environmental Policy Sandra Hoffmann Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Orlando, FL | December 5, 2005
Endogenizing Health Risk Reduction in a Social Welfare Framework for Analysis of Food Safety Production and Policy Sandra Hoffmann with David Zilberman American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting | Providence, RI | August 26, 2005
Expert Elicitation and Food Attribution Sandra Hoffmann Food Safety and Attribution Workshop | University of Georgia/FSRC | Decatur, GA | April 26, 2005
Decision Analytic Tools for Food Safety Regulatory Priority Setting Sandra Hoffmann AAEA Annual Meeting | American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA) | Denver, Colorado | August 1, 2004
Developing Decision Tools for a Risk-Based Approach to Reducing the Burden of Foodborne Illness Sandra Hoffmann Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Society for Risk Analysis | Baltimore, Maryland | December 7, 2003
Family Decision Making and the Value of Preventing Childhood Development Impairment Sandra Hoffmann Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting | Society for Risk Analysis | Baltimore, Maryland | December 7, 2003
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation and Modeling Family Decisions to Protect Children from Lead Hazards Sandra Hoffmann Valuing Environmental Health Risk Reductions in Children | EPA National Center for Environmental Economics | Washington, DC | October 20, 2003
Overview of the Economic Uncertainties Related to the Valuation of Children's Environmental Health Sandra Hoffmann OECD Environment Directorate | OECD | Paris, France | September 1, 2003
Household Decision Making and Valuing Reductions in Risk to Children's Health Sandra Hoffmann AERE session at the AAEA Annual Meeting | Montreal, Canada | August 1, 2003
Updating the Economic Food Safety Model: A Bayesian Approach Sandra Hoffmann AAEA Annual Meeting | Long Beach, California | August 1, 2002
Food Safety and the Environment Sandra A. Hoffmann Second World Congress of Environmental Economists | Association of Environmental and Resource Economists/European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists | Monterey, CA | July 1, 2002
Preservation and Employment P. Berck and Sandra Hoffmann Scandinavian Society of Forest Economics | Gilleleje, Denmark | May 1, 2002
Use of Benefits Transfer in Food Safety Regulatory Analysis Sandra A. Hoffmann American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA) Annual Meeting | AAEA | Chicago, IL | August 1, 2001
A Time Series Analysis of the Impact of Timber Policy on Poverty in Rural California Sandra A. Hoffmann Western Economic Association (WEA) Meetings | WEA | San Francisco, CA | July 1, 2001
Poverty and Employment in Timber Dependent Counties Sandra Hoffmann Western Economics Association Annual Meeting | Western Economics Association | San Fancisco, California | July 1, 2001
A Neglected Interdependency in Liability Theory Dhammika Dharmapala and Sandra Hoffmann Annual Meeting | American Law and Economics Association | Washington, D.C. | May 1, 2001
Intertemporal Consistency and Environmental Rule-making Sandra A. Hoffmann Environmental and Resource Economics Workshop | University of Colorado at Boulder | Boulder, CO | July 1, 1999
Tort Law and Non-Monetary Loss Sandra A. Hoffmann Law and Society Annual Meetings | Chicago, IL | May 1, 1999
Tort Law and Environmental Damages: Insurance vs. Property Rights Enforcement and Compensation for Environmental Damages Sandra A. Hoffmann W133 Annual Meeting | Tucson, AZ | January 1, 1999
Impact of Defense Cuts on the California Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach Sandra A. Hoffmann Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) Meeting, Peace Science/Economists Allied for Arms Reduction (ECAAR) Session | ASSA | Chicago, IL | January 1, 1998
Cutting the Cut: Poverty and Timber Employment in the Sierra Nevada Sandra A. Hoffmann Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (SNEP) Findings (poster session at public presentation) | SNEP | Placerville, CA | February 1, 1996
Professional Activities
Reviewer: Food Policy American Journal of Agricultural Economics Forest Science Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of Regional Science North Central Regional Science Journal Southern Economics Journal USDA CSREES National Research Initiative
Professional Memberships: American Agricultural Economics Association American Economics Association Association of Environmental and Resource Economists American Law and Economics Association Society for Risk Analysis
Public Service
NIH, CDC, EPA, National Children's Study, at-large member Social Science working group. 2001 - present.
