Abstract: Interest in low emissions development is growing in many parts of the world for both climate and nonclimate reasons. Yet in order to pursue low emissions development, gaps in knowledge and implementation capacity must first be identified and and then filled through peer-to-peer learning and applied research. Governments, multilateral development banks, and nongovernmental organizations are responding to country-led efforts to implement low emissions development policies through an array of country-specific programs and projects. Most of these international programs operate independently, with collaboration among implementing agencies occurring on the margins at the national or local level. While these initial efforts are laudable and have yielded valuable knowledge and progress, the opportunity is ripe to leverage these activities for greater impact. Greater global cooperation through semiformal coordinating mechanisms could ensure greater coverage of low emissions development activities, enhance the scale and predictability of funds, and improve the ease with which countries engage in peer-to-peer exchanges. We propose that a new Consultative Group on Low Emissions Development (CGLED) could serve as this coordinating mechanism.

Abstract: The United States should classify new international agreements to protect the Earth’s climate system as executive agreements rather than as treaties. Unlike treaties, which require the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate, executive agreements are entered into either solely by the President based on previously delegated constitutional, treaty, or statutory authorities, or by the President and Congress together pursuant to a new statute. The President and Congress should handle the most significant climate change agreements as congressional–executive agreements, which require approval by a simple majority of both houses of Congress. Handling climate agreements as congressional–executive agreements would speed the development of a genuinely bipartisan U.S. climate change foreign policy, improve coordination between the executive and legislative branches, strengthen the hand of U.S. climate negotiators to bring home good agreements, increase the prospects for U.S. participation in those agreements, protect U.S. competitiveness, and spur international climate action. More specifically, Congress should enact "Climate Protection Authority," which would define U.S. negotiating objectives in a statute and require the President to submit concluded congressional–executive agreements to Congress for final approval. This approach should apply both to the new global climate change agreement being negotiated in the United Nations by the United States and the rest of the international community and to other future arrangements with a smaller number of major emitting nations.