Biography
James Boyd has been a Fellow at Resources for the Future since 1992.
Boyd's research is in the fields of environmental regulation and law and economics, focusing on the analysis of environmental institutions and policy. Specific areas of expertise include ecological benefit and damage assessment, water regulation, environmental and product liability law, and incentive-based regulation. Current research focuses the measurement and analysis of ecosystem services and the role of ecosystem services in both environmental management and national welfare accounting.
In the 2007-2008 academic year Boyd will be a Visiting Professor at Stanford University. Boyd has been a visiting faculty member at the Olin Business School, Washington University, St. Louis and currently serves on a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board on Valuing the Protection of Ecological Systems and Services. Boyd has been a consultant to, among others, the World Bank, National Academy of Sciences, the European Commission, the Harvard Institute for International Development, and various government agencies.
Ph.D. in Public Policy and Management, University of Pennsylvania, The Wharton School, 1993. B.A. in History, University of Michigan, 1986.
Professional Experience
Senior Fellow, Resources for the Future, 2000 - present.
Director, Energy and Natural Resources Division, Resources for the Future, 2002 - 2007.
Fellow, Resources for the Future, 1992 - 2000.
Visiting Professor, Washington University, John M. Olin School of Business, Business Strategy in the Legal and Regulatory Environment, 1997.
Lecturer in Managerial Economics and Public Policy, University of Pennsylvania, The Wharton School, Business in the Political Environment (Business and Regulatory Economics), 1991 and 1992.
Journal Articles
The Nonmarket Benefits of Nature: What Should Be Counted in Green GDP? James Boyd Ecological Economics | 2007 | Issue 61 | Related Discussion Paper 06-24
Taxing Nutrient Loads Sandra Hoffmann, James Boyd and Eleanor McCormick
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation | September / October 2006 | Vol. 61 | pp. 142A - 147A
Political Economy and the Efficiency of Compensation for Takings Timothy Brennan and James Boyd Contemporary Economic Policy | 2006 | Vol. 24, No. 1 | pp. 188-202 | Related Discussion Paper 96-02
What Are Ecosystem Services? James Boyd and Spencer Banzhaf Ecological Economics | August 2007 | Vol. 63, Iss. 2-3, | pp. 616-626 | Related Discussion Paper 06-02
Trading Cases: Is Trading Credits in Created Markets a Better Way to Reduce Pollution and Protect Natural Resources? Jim Boyd, Dallas Burtraw, Alan Krupnick, Virginia McConnell, Karen Palmer, Jim Sanchirico, and Margaret Walls Environmental Science and Technology | June 2003 | Vol. 37, No. 111 | pp. 217-233
Water Pollution Taxes: A Good Idea Doomed to Failure? James Boyd Public Finance and Management | 2003 | Vol. 3, No. 1 | pp. 34-66
Fly-By-Night or Face the Music? Premature Dissolution and the Desirability of Extended Liability James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman American Law and Economics Review | 2003 | Vol. 5 | pp. 189-232
Landscape Indicators of Ecosystem Service Benefits James Boyd and Lisa Wainger American Journal of Agricultural Economics | 2002 | Vol. 84, No. 5 | pp. 1371-1378.
Financial Responsibility for Environmental Obligations: Are Bonding and Assurance Rules Fulfilling Their Promise? James Boyd Research in Law and Economics | 2002 | Issue 20 | pp. 417-486 | Related Discussion Paper 01-42
The Economics of Tailored Regulation: Will Voluntary Site-Specific Performance Standards Necessarily Improve Welfare? Allen Blackman and James Boyd Southern Economic Journal | 2002 | Vol. 169, No 2 | pp. 309-326 | Related Discussion Paper 00-03-REV
Compensation for Lost Ecosystem Services: The Need for Benefit-Based Transfer Ratios and Restoration Criteria James Boyd, Dennis King, and Lisa Wainger Stanford Environmental Law Journal | 2001 | Vol. 20, No. 2 | pp. 393-412
Wetland Value Indicators for Scoring Mitigation Trades Lisa Wainger, Dennis King, James Salzman, and James Boyd Stanford Environmental Law Journal | 2001 | Vol. 20, No. 2 | pp. 413-478
The New Face of the Clean Water Act: A Critical Review of the EPA's New TMDL Rules James Boyd The Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum | Fall 2000 | Vol. 11, No. 1 | pp.39-87
The Law and Economics of Habitat Conservation: Lessons From an Analysis of Easement Acquisitions James Boyd, Kathryn Caballero, and R. David Simpson Stanford Environmental Law Journal | 2000 | Vol. 19, No. 1 | pp. 209-255
Economics and Biodiversity Conservation Options: An Argument for Continued Experimentation and Measured Expectations James Boyd and R. David Simpson Science of the Total Environment | 1999 | Vol. 240 | pp. 91-105
Do Punitive Damages Promote Deterrence? James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman International Review of Law and Economics | 1999 | Vol. 19, No. 1 | pp. 47-68
Intel's Project XL Agreement: Who Benefits? Janice Mazurek, James Boyd, and Alan Krupnick Semiconductor Fabtech | July 1998 | Edition 8 | pp. 67-73
The "Regulatory Compact" and Implicit Contracts: Should Stranded Costs be Recoverable? James Boyd The Energy Journal | 1998 | Vol. 19
"Green Money" In the Bank: Firm Responses to Environmental Financial Responsibility Rules James Boyd Managerial and Decision Economics | 1997 | Vol. 18, No. 6 | pp. 491-506
The Search for Deep Pockets: Is "Extended Liability" Expensive Liability? James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization | 1997 | Vol. 13
Should "Relative Safety" Be a Test of Product Liability? James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman Journal of Legal Studies | 1997 | Vol. 26, No. 2 | pp. 433-473
Retroactive Liability or the Public Purse? James Boyd and Howard Kunreuther Journal of Regulatory Economics | 1997 | Vol. 11, No. 1 | pp.79-90
Stranded Costs, Takings, and the Law and Economics of Implicit Contracts Timothy Brennan and James Boyd Journal of Regulatory Economics | 1997 | Vol. 11, No. 1 | pp. 41-54
The Impact of Uncertain Environmental Liability on Industrial Real Estate Development: Developing a Framework for Analysis with Jim Boyd, Winston Harrington and Mary Elizabeth Calhoun Journal of Law, Economics, and Real Estate | Spring 1996 | Vol. 12, No. 1
Environmental Liability Reform and Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe James Boyd European Journal of Law and Economics | 1996 | Vol. 3, No. 1 | pp. 39-60
The Polluter Pays Principle: Should Liability Be Extended When the Polluter Cannot Pay? James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance | 1996 | Vol. 21, No. 79 | pp. 182-203
The Effects of Environmental Liability on Industrial Real Estate Development James Boyd, Winston Harrington, and Molly Macauley Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics | 1996 | Vol. 12, No. 1 | pp. 37-58
Non-Compensatory Damages and Potential Insolvency James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman Journal of Legal Studies | 1994 | Vol. 23, No. 2 | pp. 895-910
Risk, Liability, and Monopoly James Boyd International Journal of the Economics of Business | 1994 | Vol. 1, No. 3 | pp. 387-403
Optimal New-Product Pricing in Regulated Industries Gerald Faulhaber and James Boyd Journal of Regulatory Economics | 1989 | Vol. 1, No. 4 | pp. 431-358
Books, Chapters, and Reports
Compensation for Oil Pollution Damages: The American Oil Pollution Act As An Example for Global Solutions? James Boyd Prevention and Compensation of Marine Pollution Damage | Michael Faure and James Hu | : Kluwer Law | 2006
CLEANER and NSFs Environmental Observatories
Multiple authors Washington DC: National Research Council | 2006
Taxonomy of Trading Programs: Concepts and Applications to TMDLs Kurt Stephenson, Leonard Shabman, and James Boyd Total Maximum Daily Load: Approaches and Challenges | Tamim Younos, ed. | Tulsa, OK: PennWell Press | 2005
The Architecture and Measurement of an Ecosystem Services Index
Spencer Banzhaf and James Boyd (Title to be determined) | V. Kerry Smith | : | 2005 This chapter appears in a forthcoming book.
Trading as a U.S. Water Quality Management Tool: Prospects for a Market Alternative James Boyd, Leonard Shabman and Kurt Stephenson Ecological Economics of Sustainable Watershed Management | Jon Erickson, Frank Messner, and Irene Ring, eds. | : Elsevier | 2007
Combatting Ignorance About U.S. Water Quality James Boyd and Leonard Shabman New Approaches on Energy and the Environment: Policy Advice for the President | Richard D. Morgenstern and Paul R. Portney, editors | RFF Press | 2004 | Chapter 22
Combating Ignorance About U.S. Water Quality James Boyd and Leonard Shabman New Approaches on Energy and the Environment: Policy Advice for the President | Richard D. Morgenstern and Paul R. Morgenstern, eds. | RFF Press | 2004 | Chapter 22
Bonding Requirements for Coal and Hardrock Mines in the U.S. James Boyd International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy: Trends and Prospects | Elizabeth Bastida, Thomas Walde, and Janeth Warden, editors | New York: Kluwer | 2005
A Market-Based Analysis of Financial Assurance Issues Associated with U.S. Natural Resource Damage Liability James Boyd Tort and Insurance Law, vol. 5, Deterrence, Insurability and Compensation in Environmental Liability, Future Developments in the European Union | Michael Faure, editor | New York: Springer | 2003
The Effects of Environmental Liability on Industrial Real Estate Development James Boyd, Winston Harrington, and Molly Macauley Economics and Liability for Environmental Problems | Kathleen Segerson, editor | Burlington, VT: Ashgate | 2002 (reprinted from Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 1996)
Environmental Liability Reform and Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe James Boyd Economics and Liability for Environmental Problems | Kathleen Segerson, editor | Burlington, VT: Ashgate | 2002 (reprinted from European Journal of Law and Economics, 1996)
The Barriers to Corporate Pollution Prevention: An Analysis of Three Cases James Boyd Improving Regulation: Cases in Environment, Health, and Safety | Scott Farrow and Paul Fischbeck, editors | RFF Press | 2001
The Allocation of Environmental Liabilities in Central and Eastern Europe James Boyd Pollution Abatement Strategies in Central and Eastern Europe | Michael Toman, editor | RFF Press | 1994
Expanding Wetland Assessment Procedures: Landscape Indicators of Relative Wetland Value, with Illustrations for Scoring Mitigation Trades
Lisa Wainger, Dennis King, and James Boyd February 2001
The Barriers to Corporate Pollution Prevention: An Analysis of Three Cases James Boyd Improving Regulation: Cases in Environment, Health, and Safety | Paul S. Fischbeck and R. Scott Farrow, eds | RFF Press | 2001 | Chapter 5
The Vertical Extension of Liability Through Chains of Ownership, Contract, and Supply James Boyd and Daniel Ingberman The Law and Economics of the Environment | Anthony Heyes, ed. | Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd. | 2001
A Market-Based Analysis of Financial Assurance Issues Associated with U.S. Natural Resource Damage Liability, annex to the White Paper on Environmental Liability
James Boyd The European Commission | 2000
Corporate Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities James Boyd Empirical Studies of Environmental Policies in Europe | Jurgen von Hagen and John Maxwell, eds. | Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Kluwer-Nijoff | 2000
The Competitive Implications of Facility-Specific Environmental Agreements: The Intel Corporation and Project XL James Boyd, Janice Mazurek, Alan Krupnick, and Allen Blackman Environmental Regulation and Market Power: Competition, Time Consistency and International Trade | E. Petrakis, E. Sartzetakis and A. Xepapadeas, eds. | Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd. | 1999 | pp. 96-115
Short Articles, Issue Briefs, and Other Publications
Procurement of Water's Ecosystem Services: An Economic and Ecological Perspective James Boyd Precious, Worthless, or Immeasurable: The Value and Ethic of Water | Texas Tech School of Law | Precious, Worthless, or Immeasurable: The Value and Ethic of Water | Aderbal Correa and Gabriel Eckstein | Center for Water Law and Policy, Texas Tech University | 2006 | 35-50
Searching for the Profit in Pollution Prevention: Case Studies in the Corporate Evaluation of Environmental Opportunities James Boyd U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report | EPA 742-R-98-005 A publication of the EPA's Environmental Accounting Project
The Impact of Environmental Liability on Industrial Real Estate Development Molly K. Macauley and James W. Boyd Resources | Winter 1994 (114)
La Ripartizione Delle Responsabilita Ambientali Nell'Europa Centrorientale James Boyd Energia | 1994 | Vol. 2 | pp. 42-47
Expanding Wetland Assessment Procedures: Landscape Indicators of Relative Wetland value, will Illustrators for Scoring Mitigation Trades James Boyd, Lisa Wainger and Dennis King
Political Economy and the Efficiency of Compensation for Takings Timothy J. Brennan and James W. Boyd RFF Discussion Paper 95-28 | June 1995 | Abstract An electronic version of this report is not available.
Selected Presentations
Defending and Protecting the Natural Capital Movement James Boyd Panel on Ecosystem Services and Decision-Making | Ecological Society of America, | San Jose, CA | August 9, 2007
Counting Non-Market, Ecological Public Goods: The Elements of a Welfare-Significant Ecological Quantity Index James Boyd IEA Roundtable, The Sustainability of Economic Growth | International Economic Association | Tsinghua Unviersity, Beijing China | July 14, 2007
An Economist's View on EPA's Ecological Research Agenda James Boyd Common ground for conserving ecosystem services: contributions from the sciences of ecology and economics. | US EPA, ORD | Crystal City, VA | July 10, 2007
Ecological Measurement in the National Income and Product Accounts James Boyd Comptroller General Forum on Measuring Our Nation's Natural Wealth and Envionmental Sustainability | General Accountability Office | Washington DC | June 19, 2007
Ecosystem services modeling: linking biophysical outputs to economic evaluation James Boyd Nicholas School of the Environment | Duke University | January 19, 2007
Biophysical Modeling of Ecosystem Service Provision James Boyd STAR Colllaborative Network for Sustainability | EPA, Office of Research & Development,, NCER Ecological Research | Washington DC | December 5, 2006
Standardized Environmental Performance Units: An Economic Definition of Ecosystem Services James Boyd Briefing on proposed GAO studies | General Accountability Office | Washington DC | May 11, 2006
What Are Ecosystem Services?
RFF Forest Economics Program Annual Meeting | Resources for the Future | RFF | May 11, 2006
What Are Ecosystem Services? James Boyd Workshop | U.S. Forest Service | Washington DC | March 21, 2006
What Are Ecosystem Services James Boyd Royal Society for the Protection of Birds | University of East Anglia, UK | March 13, 2006
Ecosystem Services and Farm Payments James Boyd National Forum on US Agricultural Policy and the 2007 Farm Bill | Stanford University | Stanford University | February 24, 2006
Environmental Units of Account James Boyd EPA Science Advisory Board Annual Meeting | Environmental Protection Agency | Washington DC | December 13, 2005
"What Are Ecosystem Services?" James Boyd Workshop | Defenders of Wildlife | Washington DC | December 6, 2005
The Architecture and Measurement of an Ecosystem Services Index Spencer Banzhaf and James Boyd National Science Foundation BioComplexity Conference | V. Kerry Smith, North Carolina State University | Santa Fe, NM | April 19, 2005
Ecosystem Benefit Indicators James Boyd RFF Spring Board meeting | Resources for the Future | San Francisco, CA | April 14, 2005
Alternative Approaches to Benefit Transfer James Boyd Benefits Transfer and Valuation Databases: Are We Heading in the Right Direction? | U.S. EPA, Environment Canada | Washington DC | March 22, 2005
Environmental Valuation: Implications for the Corps of Engineers James Boyd and Leonard Shabman Institute for Water Resources, Army Corps of Engineers | Fort Belvoir, VA | January 31, 2005
Indicators of Ecosystem Benefits James Boyd Committee on Valuing the Protection of Ecological Systems | Science Advisory Board, US EPA | Washington DC | January 26, 2005
Awards
The Reid Award ("MBA Teacher of the Year"), Washington University, John M. Olin School of Business, St. Louis, 1997.
Professional Activities
Journal Referee: The Journal of Legal Studies The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization The Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of Public Economics The Energy Journal Environment and Resource Economics Journal of Policy Analysis and Management Journal of Industrial Ecology
Consultant Activities: The Law and Economics Consulting Group, 2002. European Commission, Brussels, 2000. United States Information Agency, "A Market-Based Analysis of the Financial Assurance Issues of Environmental Liability," India, 1999. The World Bank, Economic Development Institute, "Environmental Liability, Regulation, and Management: Selected Topics," 1998. The Harvard Institute for International Development, "Collaborative Public-Private Approaches to Improved Environmental Management," Romania, 1998. The World Bank, Economic Development Institute, "A Proposed Remediation Framework for Romanian Environmental Cleanup Law," 1995. The Harvard Institute for International Development, "Privatization and Environmental Liability: A Training Program for Southern Latin America," Kazakhstan, 1995. "Privatization and Environmental Liability Reform," The Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), Kazakhstan, 1995.
Reviewer: U.S. EPA, 2003 Strategic Plan, Social Benefits and Costs Appendix Congressional Budget Office Report, Reclamation Bonding Options for Extractive Industries on Federal Lands: The Market for Surety Bonds
Public Service
Special Appointments:
National Academy of Sciences, Water Science & Technology Board, Panel on Collaborative Large-Scale Engineering Analysis Network For Environmental Research (Cleaner), 2005 (ongoing)
U.S. EPA Science Advisory Board, Committee on Valuing the Protection of Ecological Systems and Services, September 2003 (ongoing).
U.S. EPA Science Advisory Board, Panel to Examine Benefits, Costs & Impacts to the Underground Storage Tanks (UST) and Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C Program, May 2002.
