Exhausting Options: Assessing SIP-Conformity Interactions

Biofuels Explained: What They Are and How They Impact the Environment

This explainer provides an introductory overview of biofuels, their production processes, climate impacts, related fuel policies, and the key economic challenges under discussion in policy debates.

The Future of Biofuels: Policy Lessons and Research Directions

This report examines biofuels’ role in the energy transition, key debates in life-cycle assessment and indirect land use change modeling, and lessons from existing federal and state biofuel policies.

Onshoring the Mineral Supply Chain: Structural Constraints, Policy Tools, and Research Gaps

This report examines the economic, technical, workforce, infrastructure, and policy challenges of strengthening the US critical minerals supply chain and proposes strategies to prioritize investments and improve supply resilience.

Lowering the Carbon Intensity of Ethanol-to-Jet Aviation Fuel

This brief evaluates whether carbon intensity reductions for corn-based ethanol-to-jet aviation fuel are achievable without substantially increasing costs amid high abatement expenses and policy uncertainty.